Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It infects the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death.
Common Names: Flu.
Body Parts Affected:
Respiratory System: Nose, throat, windpipe (trachea), bronchial tubes, lungs (can lead to pneumonia).
Entire Body (Systemic): Causes widespread inflammation affecting muscles, joints, and leading to general malaise.
Causes: Infection with influenza viruses (Types A, B, C, D). Type A and B are responsible for seasonal epidemics. The virus spreads primarily through respiratory droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
Symptoms: Fever (or feeling feverish/chills), cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, and fatigue (tiredness). Vomiting and diarrhea can occur, though more common in children than adults.
Diagnosis: Primarily based on symptoms during flu season. Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) or more accurate molecular tests (e.g., RT-PCR) can confirm the presence of the virus via nasal or throat swabs.
Treatment:
Antiviral Medications: (e.g., oseltamivir, zanamivir) can be prescribed, especially for high-risk individuals, to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms if started early (within 48 hours of symptom onset).
Supportive Care: Rest, hydration (drinking plenty of fluids), and over-the-counter medications (pain relievers, fever reducers like paracetamol/acetaminophen or ibuprofen) to manage symptoms.
Prevention:
Annual Flu Vaccination: The most effective way to prevent influenza or reduce its severity.
Good Hygiene: Frequent handwashing with soap and water, covering coughs and sneezes.
Avoid Close Contact: With sick individuals.
Avoid Touching Face: Eyes, nose, and mouth.
When to Seek Medical Help: If symptoms are severe, worsen, or include difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, chest pain, sudden dizziness, severe vomiting, or if a child experiences symptoms like blue lips, dehydration, or seizures.
